#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' # @Time : 2026/1/5 15:50 # @Author : reenrr # @File : stepper_motor.py # @Desc : 控制步进电机从初始位置移动10cm,移动后回到初始位置 ''' import time from periphery import GPIO import logging # ------------参数配置------------- # 1. 脉冲(PUL)引脚配置 → GPIO32 PUL_Pin = 32 # 2. 方向(DIR)引脚配置 → GPIO33 DIR_Pin = 33 # 3. 驱动器参数(根据拨码调整,默认不变) PULSES_PER_ROUND = 400 # 每圈脉冲数(SW5~SW8拨码,默认400) PULSE_FREQUENCY = 2500 # 脉冲频率(Hz) # ------------ 日志+参数配置 ------------ script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) log_file_path = os.path.join(script_dir, "stepper_motor.log") logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format='[%(asctime)s.%(msecs)03d] [%(levelname)s] %(message)s', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', handlers=[ logging.StreamHandler(), logging.FileHandler(log_file_path, encoding='utf-8') ] ) class StepperMotor: """新力川MA860H驱动器步进电机控制类""" # 方向常量定义 CLOCKWISE = "clockwise" # 顺时针 COUNTER_CLOCKWISE = "counterclockwise" # 逆时针 def __init__(self, pul_pin: int = PUL_Pin, dir_pin: int = DIR_Pin, pulses_per_round: int = PULSES_PER_ROUND, pulse_frequency: int = PULSE_FREQUENCY, clockwise_level: bool = True, counter_clockwise_level: bool = False): """ 初始化步进电机控制器 :param pul_pin: 脉冲引脚 :param dir_pin: 方向引脚 :param pulses_per_round: 每圈脉冲数(SW5~SW8拨码,默认400) :param pulse_frequency: 脉冲频率(Hz,) :param clockwise_level: 顺时针对应的DIR电平 :param counter_clockwise_level: 逆时针对应的DIR电平 """ # 硬件配置参数 self.pul_pin = pul_pin self.dir_pin = dir_pin # 驱动器参数 self.pulses_per_round = pulses_per_round self.pulse_frequency = pulse_frequency self.clockwise_level = clockwise_level self.counter_clockwise_level = counter_clockwise_level # GPIO对象初始化 self.pul_gpio = None self.dir_gpio = None # 初始化GPIO self._init_gpio() def _init_gpio(self): """初始化PUL和DIR引脚""" try: # 初始化脉冲引脚(输出模式) self.pul_gpio = GPIO(self.pul_pin, "out") # 初始化方向引脚(输出模式) self.dir_gpio = GPIO(self.dir_pin, "out") # 初始电平置低(避免电机误动作) self.pul_gpio.write(False) self.dir_gpio.write(False) logging.info(f"PUL引脚初始化完成:{self.pul_pin} 引脚") logging.info(f"DIR引脚初始化完成:{self.dir_pin} 引脚") except PermissionError: raise RuntimeError("权限不足!请用sudo运行程序(sudo python xxx.py)") except Exception as e: raise RuntimeError(f"GPIO初始化失败:{str(e)}") from e def _validate_rounds(self, rounds: float) -> bool: """验证圈数是否合法(内部方法)""" if rounds <= 0: logging.info("圈数必须为正数") return False return True def _validate_direction(self, direction: str) -> bool: """验证方向参数是否合法(内部方法)""" if direction not in [self.CLOCKWISE, self.COUNTER_CLOCKWISE]: logging.info(f"方向参数错误:仅支持 {self.CLOCKWISE}/{self.COUNTER_CLOCKWISE}") return False return True def rotate(self, rounds: float, direction: str = CLOCKWISE): """ 控制电机旋转(支持正反转) :param rounds: 旋转圈数(可小数,如0.5=半圈) :param direction: 方向(clockwise=顺时针,counterclockwise=逆时针) """ # 参数验证 if not self._validate_rounds(rounds) or not self._validate_direction(direction): return # 设置旋转方向(DIR电平) if direction == self.CLOCKWISE: # 顺时针 self.dir_gpio.write(self.clockwise_level) logging.info(f"\n=== 顺时针旋转 {rounds} 圈 ===") else: # 逆时针 self.dir_gpio.write(self.counter_clockwise_level) logging.info(f"\n=== 逆时针旋转 {rounds} 圈 ===") # 计算总脉冲数和时序(精准控制,避免丢步) total_pulses = int(rounds * self.pulses_per_round) pulse_period = 1.0 / self.pulse_frequency # 脉冲周期(秒) half_period = pulse_period / 2 # 占空比50%(MA860H最优) logging.info(f"总脉冲数:{total_pulses} | 频率:{self.pulse_frequency}Hz | 周期:{pulse_period * 1000:.2f}ms") start_time = time.perf_counter() # 高精度计时(避免丢步) # 发送脉冲序列(核心:占空比50%的方波) for _ in range(total_pulses): # 高电平 self.pul_gpio.write(True) # 精准延时(比time.sleep稳定,适配高频脉冲) while time.perf_counter() - start_time < half_period: pass # 低电平 self.pul_gpio.write(False) # 更新下一个脉冲的起始时间 start_time += pulse_period logging.info("旋转完成") def stop(self): """紧急停止(置低脉冲引脚)""" if self.pul_gpio: self.pul_gpio.write(False) logging.info("电机已停止") def close(self): """释放GPIO资源""" # 安全释放GPIO资源(关键:避免引脚电平残留) if self.pul_gpio: self.pul_gpio.write(False) # 脉冲引脚置低 self.pul_gpio.close() logging.info("\n PUL引脚已关闭(电平置低)") if self.dir_gpio: self.dir_gpio.write(False) # 方向引脚置低 self.dir_gpio.close() logging.info("DIR引脚已关闭(电平置低)") # 重置GPIO对象 self.pul_gpio = None self.dir_gpio = None def __del__(self): """析构函数:确保资源释放""" self.close() #---------控制步进电机外部接口-------------- def stepper_motor_control(): motor = None try: # 创建电机实例(使用默认配置) motor = StepperMotor() logging.info("\n=== 步进电机控制程序启动 ===") # 靠近电机方向 逆时针 motor.rotate(rounds=10.0, direction=motor.COUNTER_CLOCKWISE) time.sleep(5) # 暂停5秒 # 远离电机方向 顺时针 motor.rotate(rounds=10.0, direction=motor.CLOCKWISE) time.sleep(5) # 暂停5秒 except PermissionError: logging.info("\n 权限不足:请用 sudo 运行!") logging.info("命令:sudo python3 double_direction_motor.py") except ImportError: logging.info("\n 缺少依赖:请安装python-periphery") logging.info("命令:pip install python-periphery") except Exception as e: logging.info(f"\n 程序异常:{str(e)}") finally: if motor: motor.close() logging.info("程序退出完成") if __name__ == '__main__': stepper_motor_control()