import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.widgets import Slider import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib # 显式设置中文字体和正常显示负号 matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['WenQuanYi Micro Hei'] matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决负号 '-' 显示为方块的问题 # 测试绘图 plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4)) plt.text(0.5, 0.5, '你好,世界!\nThis is 文泉驿微米黑', fontsize=16, ha='center') plt.axis('off') plt.title("中文测试") plt.show() # ======================= 对称五自由度机器人模型 ======================= class Symmetric5DoFRobot: def __init__(self): self.L1 = 0.5 # 臂段长度 self.L2 = 0.4 self.Y0 = 0.6 # 左右臂起始点在 Y 轴上的偏移 self.tcp_x = 0.8 # 默认 TCP 目标位置 self.tcp_y = 0.0 self.tcp_theta = 0 # 夹具方向角度(弧度) # 关节限位 [min, max](单位:弧度) self.joint_limits = { 'theta1': [-np.pi, np.pi], # 左肩 'theta2': [-np.pi, np.pi], # 左肘 'theta3': [-np.pi, np.pi], # 右肘 'theta4': [-np.pi, np.pi], # 右肩 'theta5': [-np.pi, np.pi] # 夹具方向 } # 初始角度 self.joint_angles = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0] def inverse_kinematics(self, x, y, theta): """给定末端位置和方向,返回左右臂各关节角度""" try: cos_q2_left = (x**2 + y**2 - self.L1**2 - self.L2**2) / (2 * self.L1 * self.L2) sin_q2_left = np.sqrt(1 - cos_q2_left**2) q2_left = np.arctan2(sin_q2_left, cos_q2_left) k1 = self.L1 + self.L2 * np.cos(q2_left) k2 = self.L2 * np.sin(q2_left) q1_left = np.arctan2(y, x) - np.arctan2(k2, k1) # 限制在合理范围内 q1_left = np.clip(q1_left, *self.joint_limits['theta1']) q2_left = np.clip(q2_left, *self.joint_limits['theta2']) except: q1_left = 0 q2_left = 0 # 右臂镜像求解 try: cos_q2_right = (x**2 + y**2 - self.L1**2 - self.L2**2) / (2 * self.L1 * self.L2) sin_q2_right = -np.sqrt(1 - cos_q2_right**2) q2_right = np.arctan2(sin_q2_right, cos_q2_right) k1 = self.L1 + self.L2 * np.cos(q2_right) k2 = self.L2 * np.sin(q2_right) q1_right = np.arctan2(y, x) - np.arctan2(k2, k1) q1_right = np.clip(q1_right, *self.joint_limits['theta4']) q2_right = np.clip(q2_right, *self.joint_limits['theta3']) except: q1_right = 0 q2_right = 0 self.joint_angles = [q1_left, q2_left, q2_right, q1_right, theta] return { 'left': [q1_left, q2_left], 'right': [q1_right, q2_right], 'theta': theta } def forward_kinematics(self): ik = self.inverse_kinematics(self.tcp_x, self.tcp_y, self.tcp_theta) θ1, θ2 = ik['left'] θ4, θ3 = ik['right'] # 左臂坐标计算 left_base = np.array([0, -self.Y0]) j1_left = left_base + np.array([self.L1 * np.cos(θ1), self.L1 * np.sin(θ1)]) tcp_left = j1_left + np.array([ self.L2 * np.cos(θ1 + θ2), self.L2 * np.sin(θ1 + θ2) ]) # 右臂坐标计算 right_base = np.array([0, self.Y0]) j1_right = right_base + np.array([self.L1 * np.cos(θ4), self.L1 * np.sin(θ4)]) tcp_right = j1_right + np.array([ self.L2 * np.cos(θ4 + θ3), self.L2 * np.sin(θ4 + θ3) ]) # 确保末端相连 tcp_point = (tcp_left + tcp_right) / 2 gripper_dir = np.array([np.cos(self.tcp_theta), np.sin(self.tcp_theta)]) * 0.3 return { 'left_arm': np.array([left_base, j1_left, tcp_point]), 'right_arm': np.array([right_base, j1_right, tcp_point]), 'gripper': [tcp_point, tcp_point + gripper_dir] } # ======================= GUI界面 ======================= class Symmetric5DoF_GUI: def __init__(self): self.robot = Symmetric5DoFRobot() self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6)) plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.9, top=0.85, bottom=0.35) self.ax.set_title("非共基座对称五自由度机器人(带关节限位 + 自由度显示)") self.ax.set_xlim(-1.5, 1.5) self.ax.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5) self.ax.set_aspect('equal') # 初始化线条 self.left_line, = self.ax.plot([], [], 'b-o', lw=2, markersize=6, label="左臂") self.right_line, = self.ax.plot([], [], 'r-o', lw=2, markersize=6, label="右臂") self.gripper_line, = self.ax.plot([], [], 'g-->', lw=2, markersize=4, label="夹具方向") plt.legend() # 创建滑动条 self.sliders = [] self.slider_labels = ['X', 'Y', 'Theta'] self.slider_values = [self.robot.tcp_x, self.robot.tcp_y, self.robot.tcp_theta] y_pos = 0.25 for i in range(3): ax_slider = plt.axes([0.2, y_pos, 0.6, 0.03]) slider = Slider(ax_slider, self.slider_labels[i], -2, 2, valinit=self.slider_values[i]) slider.on_changed(lambda val, idx=i: self.update_tcp(idx, val)) self.sliders.append(slider) y_pos -= 0.04 # 添加自由度标签 joint_names = ['θ1 (Left Shoulder)', 'θ2 (Left Elbow)', 'θ3 (Right Elbow)', 'θ4 (Right Shoulder)', 'θ5 (Gripper)'] limits = self.robot.joint_limits ranges = [ f"[{-round(np.degrees(v[0]), 1)}, {round(np.degrees(v[1]), 1)}]°" for v in limits.values() ] y_pos = 0.15 for name, rng in zip(joint_names, ranges): plt.figtext(0.15, y_pos, f"{name}: {rng}", fontsize=10) y_pos -= 0.02 def update_tcp(self, idx, value): if idx == 0: self.robot.tcp_x = value elif idx == 1: self.robot.tcp_y = value elif idx == 2: self.robot.tcp_theta = value self.update_plot() def update_plot(self): kinematics = self.robot.forward_kinematics() self.left_line.set_data(kinematics['left_arm'][:, 0], kinematics['left_arm'][:, 1]) self.right_line.set_data(kinematics['right_arm'][:, 0], kinematics['right_arm'][:, 1]) gb = kinematics['gripper'][0] gt = kinematics['gripper'][1] self.gripper_line.set_data([gb[0], gt[0]], [gb[1], gt[1]]) self.fig.canvas.draw_idle() def run(self): self.update_plot() plt.show() # ======================= 主程序入口 ======================= if __name__ == "__main__": gui = Symmetric5DoF_GUI() gui.run()